After hybridization in a humid chamber for 2.5 h at 65°C, the slides were washed in 2× SSC for 5 min twice and counterstained with 1 μg/ml DAPI, then covered with a thin layer of Vectashield mount medium (Vector Company, USA).[]
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In practice, a wide range of combinations exists and should be promoted in order to enhance interactions among all players.[]
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This type of conidium development occurs when all the layers of the conidiogenous cell are involved in the formation of the conidium wall; later a septum develops which separates the conidiogenous cell and the conidium (Madelin, 1979).[]
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Three layers of varying electron density can be discerned in most virus particles.[]
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The conidia were scraped from the surface with a spatula and then filtered through two layers of muslin cloth to obtain a conidial suspension without mycelium.[]
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Therefore, harboring seven QTLs seems redundant, but can also be an explanation for nonhost resistance: accumulation of several resistance layers by several QTLs with a rather strong effect and possibly present at high (favorable) allele frequencies.[]
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Tokyo, Japan), separated roots into 0–4 cm (upper) and 4–8 cm (lower) layers, and washed off the soil with water.[]
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The middle layer of the particle consists of a host-derived lipid membrane penetrated by the G protein.[]
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Finally, thin layers of honeydew are common on vegetative plant parts and the soil after heavy rainfall events (Bandyopadhyay et al., 1996, 1998), and there is potential for more macroconidia (up to 40×) to germinate on these thin layers than on the surface of a honeydew drop.[]
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Panicles with fresh honeydew were collected from nearby trials, mixed in distilled water, and the suspension filtered through two layers of cheesecloth and adjusted to a standard optical density (Herde et al., 2006).[]
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In a quantitative microscopic inspection, we found that fungal penetration into the epidermal layer tailed mostly through a cell wall-associated defense mechanism.[]
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Kondo et al. (2003) suggested that the roots in the upper soil layer have an important role in water and nutrient acquisition, particularly during phases of recovery after dry periods.[]
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The outer layer contains spike-like surface projections composed of the glycoprotein (G) that protrude 5 to 10 nm above the surface of the particle.[]
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A CRAT on chromosome 8 almost doubled the weight of roots in uppermost soil layers compared to Koshihikari.[]
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The number of viable sclerotia present in the upper layer of soil that float to the surface during flooding and planting (41) is affected by the residue management practiced for the previous crop and by the vertical distribution of the sclerotia after tillage and seedbed preparation.[]
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Fungal attack was termed "successful infection" when the intracellular or intercellular hyphae were visible in the mesophyll layer.[]
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Inoculated segments were placed onto a 2-mm-thick layer of 0.5% water agar (adding 0.6 parts per million of benzimidazole) in a plastic dish closed tightly with a lid.[]
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Dust two leaves of each plant with Carborundum (320 grit; Sigma) through cheesecloth layers and inoculate the leaves by gently rubbing 7.5 µL of mixed transcripts across the surface of each leaf. The inoculated plants are then moved to a growth chamber at 24/20°C (day/night).[]
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We determined the rates of successful fungal infection of the mesophyll layer (Fig 5).[]
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